Your oral and dental health is directly linked to your quality of life.

At our clinic, oral and dental surgery services are provided using the latest state-of-the-art equipment and techniques to treat any injury, problem, or pain with minimal discomfort.

You will experience a safe, calm, and specialized treatment with our experienced team.

What is Dental Surgery?

Dental surgery is one of the services provided by oral and maxillofacial surgeons in dentistry to solve serious problems of the mouth, teeth, and jaw. This method includes surgeries such as root canal surgery, extraction of impacted teeth, implant surgery, hard and soft tissue surgery, remaining root surgery, bone grafting, and also orthodontic surgeries to correct jaw and facial diseases.

Today, dental surgery is performed with the help of advanced equipment and modern technologies and can treat people with dental and jaw problems.

However, the most common procedure in this field is tooth extraction. We don’t mean simple and accessible tooth extractions. General dentists also perform this. What we mean by tooth extraction by a surgeon is impacted teeth and extraction of remaining roots.

Who is an Oral and Dental Surgeon?

An oral, dental, maxillofacial surgeon is actually a dentist who, after completing their general dentistry course in dental schools, has also completed a full and comprehensive specialized hospital-based course in maxillofacial, oral, and dental surgery. This surgeon spends 5 years under the supervision of various professors in the hospital and gains the ability to perform any surgical intervention in the oral, jaw, and facial area.

An oral and dental surgeon is capable of performing all surgical services on the head, neck, face, nose, mouth, and teeth. In fact, one of the simplest tasks an oral and maxillofacial surgeon can perform is related to dental surgeries.

What are the Responsibilities of an Oral and Dental Surgeon?

This specialty has a very wide range. From tooth extraction to treating fractures that occur in the face, all fall within the scope of this specialty. Oral and dental surgeons, after obtaining their specialty degree, should be able to treat the following conditions. Treatment of diseases related to:

• Head
• Cranial Vault
• Face
• Jaw
• Neck
• Nose
• Mouth
• Teeth

Types of Dental Surgery

Dental surgery includes any therapeutic surgery aimed at treating or correcting the condition of the teeth. Below, we will discuss some of the most common dental surgeries.

Root Canal Surgeries

Apicoectomy Surgery

This surgery is performed when we want to treat a root-canaled tooth while preserving it. When a tooth does not respond to root canal treatment and infection still exists under the root after root canal therapy, one of these surgeries is apicoectomy.

In this surgery, the dentist prevents the spread of infection by cutting the tip of the tooth root and the surrounding infected and vascular tissues. This surgery is performed by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon or by an endodontist in dental practices.

There are other surgeries that prevent the extraction of a natural tooth. Of course, these surgeries were widely used before the advent of dental implants, and with the emergence of implants, these surgical methods are rarely used. These surgeries include:

Root Resection

In root resection surgery, usually due to an infection at the end of one of the roots, that root is cut by the dentist, and the infection is eliminated.

Hemisection

Hemisection is a treatment in which a multi-rooted tooth is divided into 2 parts, and the infected half is separated from the tooth.

It is worth mentioning again that these treatments are older compared to dental implants, and in such situations, dentists recommend implant placement.

Dental Implant Surgeries

Dental implants are suitable artificial tooth replacements for edentulous areas. Oral and dental surgeons should be able to perform implant placement in edentulous areas. By using implants, the patient will have a sensation similar to their original teeth.

As you know, in dental implants, a pure titanium base is placed in the jawbone, and then a crown similar to the patient’s tooth crown is placed on it. In this treatment method, if the patient’s jawbone has resorbed, bone grafting must be performed so that the patient can undergo implant placement.

Surgery for Remaining Roots

Oral and dental surgeons are able to remove roots that have, for any reason, entered the maxillary sinus space and whose removal is not possible by other dentists.

These doctors can also remove extra and bothersome tissues that may be annoying for the patient or cause problems in fitting dentures for elderly individuals or those with dentures.

Bone Graft Surgery

When a dentist considers treatments like implants for a patient, the first thing they check is the patient’s jawbones. In this type of surgery, the dentist first examines the patient’s jawbones to ensure that the bone can withstand the pressure of the implant.

If the width, height, and shape of the bone are not suitable for implant treatment, the bone can be strengthened and reconstructed through oral surgery and the use of biomaterials, which is called bone grafting.

Sinus Lift Surgery

A sinus lift is a type of oral and dental surgery that increases the height of the maxillary tooth sockets located near the sinuses by lifting the sinus floor. This surgery is called sinus lifting and is performed to improve the quality of implant placement.

Periodontal and Aesthetic Surgery

Patient-desired changes in soft tissue, such as correcting asymmetry on the left and right sides, removing facial moles, or injecting safe materials in areas to improve lip aesthetics and reduce facial wrinkles, are other actions of oral and dental surgeons.

Gum Surgery for Crown Placement

Another procedure performed by a specialist oral and dental surgeon is gum surgery for crown placement. In this procedure, overgrown gum tissue that has covered the teeth is targeted. During this surgery, a portion of the gum or bone, or both, is removed to make the crown space more accessible.

Impacted Tooth Surgery

Impaction and non-eruption of a tooth from the jawbone into the oral cavity usually occur due to a lack of sufficient space for tooth eruption. The most common site of impaction is in the area of wisdom teeth due to the development and shrinking of the jawbone. However, this can also happen with other teeth.

For this, a delicate incision is made in specific mucosal areas, and if necessary, by sectioning the tooth and sometimes even removing a calculated amount of bone around the impacted tooth so that it does not create any facial deformity, the tooth is extracted.

It is obvious that after anesthetic injection, the patient will not feel any pain other than some pressure and the sensation of the procedure being done. Rarely, the surgeon may postpone such procedures to the operating room in coordination, due to the specific condition of the impacted tooth on radiography or the patient’s systemic conditions and specific diseases.

Surgery for Impacted Wisdom Tooth on the Nerve

In situations where wisdom teeth are close to the nerves that transmit sensation to the tongue and lips, the specialist dentist’s recommendation is to perform surgery for the impacted wisdom tooth on the nerve.

Since extracting impacted wisdom teeth (Impacted wisdom teeth) involves more risks compared to many other teeth or other dental procedures, it is best performed by a specialized and experienced dentist.

Radiography is used to diagnose the proximity of the wisdom tooth to the root. It is necessary to take a radiographic image before surgery so that the complications and risks of treatment are well identified.

In other words, the dentist must ensure that the wisdom tooth is not on the nerve before surgery. This issue is so important that if the surgical risk cannot be controlled, its extraction should be avoided.

Surgery for Impacted and Partially Impacted Wisdom Teeth

If a wisdom tooth does not have enough space to grow and erupt, it is called an impacted wisdom tooth. Dr. Bonyanian explains that impacted wisdom teeth cause pain, infection, and many other problems. For this reason, it is recommended that people with impacted wisdom teeth consult a dental surgeon as soon as possible and proceed with tooth extraction.

A partially impacted wisdom tooth is in a better condition than a fully impacted wisdom tooth. A partially impacted wisdom tooth has grown to some extent, and a part of the tooth crown has emerged from the gum. To remove a partially impacted wisdom tooth, if the dentist is experienced, they can remove it without surgery and by extracting it from your mouth.

It is important to note that after the surgery for impacted and partially impacted wisdom teeth, you should maintain oral and dental hygiene to prevent infection and bacterial entry into the wound site.

Problems you may face if you have impacted and partially impacted wisdom teeth include:

• Food getting stuck behind the wisdom tooth.
• Gum tissue infection.
• Possibility of wisdom tooth decay that needs immediate treatment.
• Possibility of damage to adjacent teeth or even the surrounding bone and jaw.
• Possibility of cyst development.

Another Point About Impacted Teeth

It should be noted that not only wisdom teeth can become impacted; this can happen to all teeth. These impacted teeth must be removed from the jaw by a specialist dentist.

At Dr. Bonyanian’s dental clinic, this procedure is performed by highly experienced specialist doctors, and pain, swelling, and damage during the operation to the jawbone are minimized.

In other cases, if tooth restoration is not possible due to severe decay, fracture, or cracking, or if root canal treatment of an infected tooth has failed and seems impractical or illogical, the tooth must be extracted. Very loose teeth due to gum disease or misaligned teeth that play no role in chewing are also candidates for extraction.

Benefits of Wisdom Tooth Removal

• Prevention of damage to adjacent teeth.
• Prevention of gum infections or cyst formation.
• Reduction in the likelihood of misaligned teeth.
• Relief from potential future pain and inflammation.

When Wisdom Teeth Must Be Surgically Removed

Based on an article titled, “The most common complications after wisdom-tooth removal,” wisdom teeth in the following conditions must definitely be surgically removed:

• Infection of the gum covering the tooth.
• Decay of the adjacent tooth.
• Disruption of tooth alignment and causing them to overlap.

Wisdom Tooth Surgery

Every individual typically has 2 wisdom teeth in the upper jaw, 2 in the lower jaw, for a total of 4 wisdom teeth. Sometimes, due to reasons such as hereditary factors, childhood diseases, lack of coordination between jawbone growth and tooth size, etc., these teeth remain impacted within the jaw.

It is also possible that a part of their crown appears incompletely in the mouth, in which case it is called a partially impacted wisdom tooth. An impacted wisdom tooth is a tooth whose eruption time has passed and, for various reasons, is unable to position itself appropriately among other teeth.

Such a wisdom tooth may become trapped in soft or hard tissue. Problems that impacted wisdom teeth can create include inflammation of the soft tissue covering these teeth, which often occurs in connection with partially erupted teeth.

The Most Suitable Age for Wisdom Tooth Extraction

The most suitable age to have your wisdom teeth surgically removed or extracted is under 20 years old. It can also be done between 20 and 40 years old, but after the age of 40, extraction becomes very difficult.

If the crown of the wisdom tooth is not impacted and is visible on the gum, the dentist can extract it more easily, and wisdom tooth surgery is not necessary. If the wisdom tooth is impacted, it must be surgically removed.

How Much Does This Surgery Cost?

As we mentioned above, the costs associated with wisdom tooth surgery are not limited to the extraction process. In some situations, other ancillary procedures and services may be required.

For this reason, providing a price and the cost of wisdom tooth surgery is not a simple task. We have discussed the costs associated with this dental procedure in another article.

How Wisdom Tooth Surgery is Performed

For wisdom tooth surgery, an incision is made on the gum, and if necessary, some jawbone is removed. The wisdom tooth may be removed in one piece or, for easier removal from the jaw, divided into smaller pieces, with each piece removed separately.

Finally, the gum in the surgical area will be closed with stitches. In any case, the important point is that for surgery or wisdom tooth extraction, the area in question is completely numb, and you will essentially feel no pain. The sensation that might seem unpleasant is just a type of pressure.

Symptoms of an Impacted Wisdom Tooth

An impacted wisdom tooth is often accompanied by pain and toothache and may be associated with the following symptoms:

• Pain in the lower jaw and sides of the face
• Swelling
• Bleeding gums
• Difficulty opening the jaw
• Numbness
• Headache
• Bad breath
• Unpleasant taste in the mouth when eating
• Swollen lymph nodes in the neck

Post-Dental Surgery Care

Here are 9 recommendations for post-dental surgery care for you:

1. After dental surgery, keep a sterile gauze on the tooth area for up to 20 minutes, and then consume cool liquids or ice cream.
2. Avoid sucking and repeatedly spitting out oral fluids.
3. Use your prescribed medications on time and according to the dentist’s instructions.
4. For up to 24 hours after surgery, consume soft and cool foods and liquids (cool fruit juice, cold soup, ice cream, etc.).
5. After 7 to 10 days, visit your dentist to have your stitches removed.
6. You may experience swelling, pain, bruising, and blood-tinged saliva for up to 48 hours after surgery; this is normal and will resolve within 7 to 10 days.
7. If you observe uncontrollable and severe gum or tooth bleeding, consult your dentist and do not use any medication without a doctor’s prescription.
8. Do not rinse your mouth on the day of surgery and avoid brushing the surgical site.
9. For up to 48 hours after surgery, refrain from smoking cigarettes, hookah, pipe, etc., and also avoid using a straw for drinking liquids. Sucking can dislodge the formed clot, slow down the healing process, and make the surgical site painful.

Tooth Exposure (Canine Exposure)

Tooth exposure, also known as “uncovering” or “extracting impacted tooth,” is a type of surgery aimed at preparing the tooth for movement and guiding it into the empty space intended by the orthodontist.

This surgery is performed when normal eruption of the tooth from the jawbone is not possible. In addition to arranging the teeth in a proper alignment, it also prevents the displacement of other teeth and their movement into empty spaces.

Reasons for Tooth Impaction and Need for Exposure

• Genetic factors
• Premature extraction of primary (baby) teeth and tooth crowding
• Primary teeth not falling out on time
• Blocked path of tooth development
• Presence of extra teeth

How is Tooth Exposure Performed?

The oral and dental surgeon performs a minor, outpatient surgical procedure on the individual for tooth exposure and uncovering.

In this surgery, the dentist first removes the gum tissue covering the impacted tooth so that the tooth crown becomes visible. After removing the gum, the dentist uses orthodontic appliances to guide the tooth towards its original position.

However, in some rare cases, the tooth in question may remain attached to the jawbone. In such circumstances, the dentist first eliminates the connection between the jawbone and the tooth.

Is Tooth Exposure Painful?

Given that your gum will be incised during a surgical procedure and your tooth will be guided to its original position, feeling pain and burning due to the gum incision in the targeted area is completely normal and expected.

However, this pain will improve after your oral wounds heal and over time.

Cost of Tooth Exposure Surgery

Usually, the cost of oral and dental surgeries is determined based on the dentist’s expertise in performing the intended procedure and the complexity of the work. However, we have determined the cost of tooth exposure surgery for you in the article on the cost of oral and dental surgery.

Lip Frenectomy (Labial Frenectomy)

The labial frenum is a soft tissue shaped like a thin band between the lips and gums at the top and bottom of the mouth. This tissue, which connects the gum to the upper or lower lip, naturally exists in everyone’s mouth.

However, some individuals have a frenum that is thicker, thinner, more anterior, or more posterior than usual. For this reason, these individuals may face complications such as difficulty speaking or eating.

Lip frenectomy, or frenuloplasty, is a type of surgery performed to resolve problems with this soft tissue and improve its condition. In this surgery, the frenum is removed or modified to eliminate the individual’s limitations in movement and oral function.

Who Needs a Frenectomy?

• Individuals with ankyloglossia (tongue-tie): In these individuals, the lingual frenum is short and attaches to the tip of the tongue, causing limited tongue movement and problems with speaking, eating, and swallowing.
• Individuals with ankylocheilia (lip-tie): In these individuals, the upper labial frenum is short or thick, causing limited lip movement and problems with smiling, kissing, and speaking.

Benefits of Frenectomy

• Increased range of motion for tongue and lips: This helps improve speech, eating, and swallowing.
• Reduction of problems related to oral hygiene: With increased tongue movement, cleaning the mouth and teeth becomes easier, preventing plaque buildup and infection.
• Improved appearance: By correcting the frenum, a more beautiful and symmetrical smile is achieved.
• Increased self-confidence: Resolving problems related to speech and eating helps boost an individual’s self-confidence.

Is Having an Abnormal Lingual Frenum Dangerous?

In most cases, the lingual frenum itself does not cause any problems for the individual, and the person may not even be aware of its existence. However, in some cases, the lingual frenum can be short or thick, and with its inappropriate appearance, it can restrict tongue movement and cause problems in activities such as speaking and swallowing.

Final Conclusion

As we discussed, oral and dental surgery is one of the most important branches of dentistry. Note that after surgery, you must follow instructions regarding diet, oral hygiene, suture care, etc.

Dr. Nazi Bonyanian

Dental Surgeon (DDS) — Medical Council Number: 138662
Graduate of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences with over 15 years of experience in implants, laminates, and oral and dental surgery.

Dr. Bonyanian Dental Clinic

Address: No. 22, Unit 7, West Alley 6, Bokharest Street, Argentina Sq., Tehran, Iran
Phone: +98-21-88539720 | WhatsApp: +98-912-514-2202
Email: info@drbonyanian.com

Working Hours: Sat–Wed 09:00–20:00 | Thu 09:00–14:00 | Friday Closed

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Last Reviewed: 20 May 2025

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